Skip to main content

Pentrova is launching soon. Join the waitlist for early access.Join the waitlist

Glossary · Injection

Log4Shell (CVE-2021-44228)

A remote code execution flaw in Apache Log4j 2.x where JNDI lookups inside logged strings caused servers to fetch and execute attacker classes.

Explainer

What it is#

exploited a feature of Log4j 2.x where the logger evaluated ${jndi:...} expressions inside any string it logged. An attacker supplying a crafted User-Agent, referer, or form field could trigger an LDAP or RMI lookup against an attacker-controlled server, which returned a classpath entry the vulnerable JVM then loaded and executed. Every layer of the request pipeline that ran Log4j — application servers, WAFs, load balancers — was potentially exploitable.

Why it matters#

became the reference example of a ubiquitous transitive dependency turning into an internet-scale emergency. Patching took weeks because the vulnerable library was buried inside commercial appliances, proprietary JARs, and infrastructure components that teams did not even know shipped with Java on them.

Mitigation direction#

Upgrade to a patched Log4j release and keep your software bill of materials current so the next is a one-query answer, not a two-week inventory. Egress-filter application workloads so even a successful JNDI fetch has nowhere to go. Redact control characters from untrusted data before it reaches any logger.

  • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

    An injection flaw where attacker-controlled data reaches a browser-side scripting sink, letting the attacker execute script in the victim's session origin.

  • SQL Injection (SQLi)

    An injection flaw where attacker-controlled input is concatenated into a SQL statement, letting the attacker read, modify, or exfiltrate database content.

  • XML External Entity (XXE)

    A defect in XML parsers that dereference external entity declarations, letting attackers read local files, trigger SSRF, or exhaust resources.

← Back to the glossary

Site search

↑↓ navigateEnter openEsc close